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Read about Earth – Earth – A Unique Planet- 2024
Explain about water.
Water is found most extensively on Earth. The first large group of water sources on Earth is called hydrosphere. The first living beings on earth originated in water. Water is found in different forms in the atmosphere and lithosphere.
Water cycle is a physical process in which evaporation, condensation, precipitation etc. occur. The water cycle is directly related to climate and weather. It is only through the water cycle that water is available everywhere on Earth. The transformation of water into different forms and its transformation back into water is called water cycle.
Water is extremely important for our lives. It is essential for the exercise of our body, as well as used in many fields such as agriculture, industry, and transportation. Water scarcity can affect life, affecting health, livelihoods, and the economy. We should understand the importance of water conservation and manage water resources properly so that we do not have to face water shortage in future.
Water is extremely important for the earth. It is the fundamental element of life for all living organisms, balanced water resources control the atmosphere and without water life is not possible on earth. It is the source we need for drinking, for sanitation, for agriculture, for energy production, and for commercial use. Moreover, it also avoids the parallel smart deterioration of the ecosystem.
Water is extremely important for life as it is essential in all functions of our body. Water refreshes all the tissues, organs, and organs of our body and is essential for proper health and balance. Drinking the right amount of water maintains good structure and functionality of blood, organs, and tissues. Water is used in our daily activities, cleaning, food manufacturing, agriculture, and industries.Also, through conservation and social distribution of water, we can use it appropriately so that it is used properly and water security is ensured for future generations.
Discuss the distribution and major sources of water.
Water is a renewable resource. The hydrosphere has the largest expanse on Earth and the distribution of water and its availability is not uniform. There is more water in the Southern Hemisphere and more land in the Northern Hemisphere. Due to which the southern hemisphere of the earth is also called the burnt hemisphere. On the basis of nature of water, water is classified as salt water source and fresh water source. 97.3% of salt water is found in the ocean. Only about 2.5% water is potable.
Water distribution is an important process in which water is managed optimally to reach the public. It meets the society’s water needs for drinking water, agriculture, industry, and social uses. Organization, management, and technology play an important role in water distribution so that the right quantity, quality, and time of water is delivered.Various efforts related to water distribution encourage water harvesting, water conservation, and water storage so that water resources can be used timely and appropriately.
Water sources are those places from where water supply is obtained. These places can be seas, lakes, rivers, waterfalls, glaciers, and underground water etc. Water sources are obtained through water harvesting, rain, glaciers, and other water flows. These sources can be both natural and non-natural. Proper and safe management of water sources can help in reducing the vulnerabilities of water resources.
Give a brief description about the oceans.
It extends over approximately 2/3 of the Earth. It is the Earth’s largest water source. Oceans are large water masses that are surrounded by the Earth’s seas. These oceans interact and influence Earth’s weather and climate. Oceans are home to a variety of species of life, including marine organisms, for example fishes, jellyfish, and mammals.
These also contain many islands and Upanishadic richness, which provide liveliness to various geographical areas. Oceans play an important role in maintaining the balance of land and water and provide an important natural resource for various species around the world. There are five oceans found on Earth. We will learn briefly about all these oceans-
Pacific Ocean – It is the deepest and largest ocean of the Earth. The Bering Strait located in the Pacific Ocean separates Asia and America. Mount Manaki, located in the Pacific Ocean, lies beneath the ocean surface and is taller than Mount Everest. Many troughs are found in the Pacific Ocean, of which the Kuriles, Japan, Benin, Mariana and Mindanao are the major troughs.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world and covers most of the land area. Its area is approximately 158 million square kilometers, which is approximately 30% of the total surface of the Earth. The word also means “peace” in the name of the Pacific Ocean, which is known for its calm and stable aquatic environment. This ocean connects the coasts of many countries, such as the United States, Canada, Japan, China, Australia, and the countries of Southeast Asia.
In addition, there are many small and large islands in the Pacific Ocean, including several major islands, including the Hawaiian Islands. This ocean is important for climate systems and is also an important study area for diverse life.
Atlantic Ocean – Its shape is similar to the letter S of the English alphabet. Hudson Bay, Baltic Sea and North Sea are found in the Atlantic Ocean. The Bering Strait connects the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It connects two developed parts of the world, America and Europe. This is the busiest sea route. Its coastline is indented due to which better ports are found here.
The Atlantic Ocean is the world’s second largest ocean and divides the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Its area is about 819 million square kilometers, making it cover about 21% of the total surface area of the Earth. The northern shore of the Atlantic Ocean has deep bays, while the southern shore has vibrant reefs and small islands. This ocean connects different climatic zones and is home to diversity.
Its study is important for human marine life, climate change, and weather forecasting. Apart from this, it is also important for trade, transportation, and navy.
Indian Ocean – Bay of Bengal, Gulf of Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mannar etc. are found in this ocean. Andaman Nicobar is located in the Bay of Bengal while Lakshadweep, Daman-Diu, Maldives are located in the Arabian Sea. It is spread around South Asia, Africa, Australasia, and the Indian subcontinent. The Indian Ocean is also the deepest of the world’s oceans and contains a wide variety of life forms.It is rich in many small and large islands, including Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar, and Sri Lanka.
The Indian Ocean, also known as “Hind Ocean” in Hindi, is an important maritime region that surrounds South Asia, Southwest Asia, Australia, and several countries in Africa. Its area is approximately 70,000,000 square kilometers. This sea is the largest sea on land and is the center of important trade and cultural ties between various ancient cultures, modern economics, and social sciences.It faces the challenges of slowly evolving environmental issues, such as ocean pollution, climate change, and maritime security.
Antarctic Ocean – It is the fourth largest ocean among the five largest oceans. The Antarctic Ocean has a harsh climate and is one of the coldest places in the world. The Antarctic Ocean, also known as the Southern Ocean, is the southernmost ocean in the world.It has an area of approximately 20 million square kilometers and contains vast ice fields, Antarctic fossils, and high natural beauty. It is home to wading wildlife, penguins, and many other species.
The Antarctic Sea or Southern Ocean is an important marine region that encompasses the coasts of Iceland, Antarctica, South America, and southwestern Oceania. Its area is approximately 20,055,000 square kilometers. This sea is a unique marine area in the world, with the Icelandic cyclone, extreme cold at key points, and special life nature. It is important for climate study, organization of marine animals, and scientific research.
Arctic Ocean – This is the smallest and shallowest ocean in the world. The Arctic Ocean, also known as the North Sea, is the northernmost ocean in the world. It is a large ocean combined with the Brahmaputra, Amur and Lena rivers. Its area is approximately 14 million square kilometers and it encompasses oceanic islands such as Iceland, Greenland, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya and Bear Island. It is famous for its extremely beautiful scenery, the effects of climate change, and unique species.
The Arctic Ocean, or Northern Ocean, is the northern polar oceanic region that extends around the Arctic Equinox. Its area is approximately 14,050,000 square kilometers. This sea is shared through agreements with Iceland, Canada, Russia, Norway, and the United States. Here, special attention is paid to the impacts of climate change on life, and economic activities, and its importance to climate studies, research, and conservation.
Give a brief description of ocean circulation.
The water of the oceans never remains in a calm state. Ocean currents and water are always in a state of motion. There are various types of movements in the oceans such as ocean currents, tides and waves. Ocean circulation is the activity in which the state of water in the oceans changes, causing wind and upper and lower level ocean currents (water convection). This process is important because it affects weather and causes climate change in different places.
Ocean circulation is a science that studies the movements of water pathways in the oceans. In this, many types of factors like water flow, effect of coasts, changes in water level, structure of coastal areas, etc. are studied. The study of ocean circulation gives us an understanding of natural ocean processes and how these processes may impact human marine life and climate.Moreover, it also inspires scientists and researchers to develop new techniques and tools that help in the understanding of ocean life.
Give a brief description of ocean currents.
The movement of ocean water flowing in a certain direction is called water current. On the basis of its speed, direction and size, it is classified into flow, stream and large stream. The water stream flowing from the equator towards the pole is hot and the water stream flowing from the pole towards the equator is cold. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current while the Labar Dor water current is cold.
Ocean currents are high-speed air currents that reflect local depth changes in large oceans. The study of these currents is important because they impact weather and refer to climate change in different regions. Ocean currents heat the water surface and generate high and low pressure areas, causing cyclonic movements of large winds.
The main reason for the generation of sea water current is the Earth’s rotation and gravity. There are also atmospheric pressure, salinity, density and melting of ice, wind, rainfall, evaporation, insolation, temperature of the ocean, direction and shape of the coast etc. Due to Coriolis force, the water currents of the Northern Hemisphere turn towards the right and the water currents of the Southern Hemisphere towards the left, but such incidents do not happen in the Indian Ocean.Cold water streams cause happiness. The villages and cold water streams together form the fishing area. Sea currents also play an important role in the formation of Indian monsoon.
Discuss about tides and ebbs.
Ebb and flow occur twice every 24 hours. The process of rising and falling of sea water due to the attractive forces of the Sun and the Moon is called ebb and flow. The waves generated from this are called tidal waves. The gravitational power of the Moon is more affected by the ebb and flow of tides. Helps in sailing of ship in high tidal zone. When the Sun, Earth and the Moon are in one seat, high tide occurs.This happens only on new moon and full moon days. The highest tide occurs in the Bay of Fundy located in the eastern part of Canada.
Tide and ebb refer to the changes in water level in an ocean, lake, or river. Tide is the time when the water level of an ocean or lake is at its highest level, while ebb is the time when the water level is at its lowest. These activities are caused by the movement of the moon and result in fluctuations in water levels.
Give a brief description of waves.
This is oscillatory motion in sea water. In this the burning ears operate vertically. The upper part of the wave is called the crest and the lower part is called the trough. Huge waves are generated when the strong winds of a storm move. Due to earthquakes, volcanoes and underwater landslides, the ocean water is displaced a lot. Due to this, huge waves of height up to 5 meters are raised which we call tsunami.
The first sign of a tsunami is that the network of coastal area subsides rapidly and then destructive waves start rising. Tsunami is a Japanese word which means shipwreck waves. The most destructive tsunami ever in the Indian Ocean region occurred on 26 December 2004.
Water waves represent the continuous movement of water that spreads from one position to another. They move up and down and are of different types, such as small water waves and big water waves. The most common examples of these are waves on the surface of water caused by wind or other causes. Water waves are also pleasant to hear and have high importance in science.
Waves represent the continuous inward and outward movements of water in oceans, lakes, or rivers. These movements are often caused by the effects of the wind, the Moon, and the movements of the Earth. Waves come with different energies and heights, and their heights, intervals, and speeds are not nearly the same. The size and height of waves vary according to the landmass of the sea.
The cause and origin of waves is influenced by a combination of scientific and natural causes. The waves are also a source of recreation for beach walking, surfing, and other water sports.
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